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The uterine environment promotes normal embryonic development but the cattle reproductive system is exposed to the external environment and thus highly prone to uterine infection and reproductive disorders. Sub-clinical, clinical, and chronic metritis, endometritis, cervicitis, and vaginitis are frequently diagnosed disease conditions in dairy cows due to uterine infection. The postpartum environment of the uterine lumen supports the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria viz. Escherichia coli, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Prevotella species. Uterine defense mechanisms help to eliminate these bacterial contaminants. 

These pathogenic bacteria adhere to the mucosa, colonize, or penetrate the epithelium, and/or release bacterial toxins that lead to the establishment of uterine disease. Cows with uterine infection in the early postpartum period generally have lower conception rates at subsequent breeding. Uterine infections usually increase herd health costs, often reduce feed consumption, cause an appreciable reduction in milk production, and increase the culling rate. The reduced fertility in dairy herds is one of the most important factors affecting farm profitability. 

In order to treat and quantify the severity of the disease, it is crucial to diagnose uterine problems as soon as possible to have good subsequent fertility. According to Viegi et al., about 70% of the animals (cattle, horses, sheep, goats, and pigs) were treated with herbal remedies, followed by poultry (9.1%), dogs (5.3%), and rabbits (4.3%). Herbs with anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and uterine stimulant properties can be utilized for the treatment of uterine infections in animals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of herbal intrauterine infusion of Uterofix liquid in the treatment of these reproductive disorders in dairy cows.

Repeat breeding can be a major factor involved in infertility. A “repeat breeder” is defined as any cow that failed to conceive even after three or more services, and has a normal estrus cycle length. An abnormal uterine environment may cause repeat breeding. According to Gani et al., the bacterial isolates recovered from the uterus of the repeat breeders as well as from normal cyclic cows have a positive correlation (r = 0.94), which agrees with the relationship between uterine infection and repeat breeders. 

In the current study, all animals with a history of repeat breeding showed signs of heat and were successfully conceived after the 1st AI on herbal intrauterine Uterofix liquid infusion. This may be because of the antibacterial property of Uterofix liquid constituent herbs viz. Plumbago zeylanica, Azadirachta indica, and Acacia catechu. Endometritis is uterine lining inflammation that is commonly initiated at parturition. Immunomodulators of the uterine defense mechanisms act as chemoattractants to increase the number of polymorphonuclear cells in the endometrium and help resolve endometritis in cows.

In the treatment of cows suffering from endometritis with the herbal intrauterine liquid Uterofix, all animals exhibited signs of heat and were successfully conceived after 1st or 2nd AI. The improvement was because of Uterofix liquid constituent herbs viz. Curcuma longa and Saraca indica, possess immunomodulatory properties. Similarly, cows suffering from anestrous and metritis also recovered after intrauterine infusion of Uterofix liquid. Hence, it can be recommended that intrauterine infusion Uterofix liquid was useful for treating the animals with reproductive disorders in the field condition